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Trams in France
Trams in France go back to 1837 when a 15 km steam tram line connected Montrond-les-Bains and Montbrison in the Loire.〔(Le premier tramway de France summarised from L.-J. Gras: Histoire des premiers chemins de fer français et du premier tramway de France ). Retrieved 16 February 2009.〕 With the development of electric trams at the end of the 19th century, networks proliferated in French cities over a period of 15 years. Although nearly all of the country's tram systems were replaced by bus services in the 1930s or shortly after the Second World War, France is now in the forefront of the revival of tramways and light rail systems around the globe. Only trams lines in Lille and Saint-Étienne have operated continuously since the 19th century; the Marseille tramway system ran continuously until 2004 and only closed then for 3 years (until 2007) for extensive refurbishment into a modern tram network. Since the opening of the Nantes tramway in 1985, more than twenty towns and cities across France have built new tram lines. As of 2013, there are 25 operational tram networks in France, with 3 under construction and 4 more planned. France is also home to Alstom, a leading tram manufacturer.〔(ALSTOM wins French Innovation Trophy from Infrasite News. ) Retrieved 16 February 2009.〕
== History ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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